• br Conclusions The present data suggest that

  2024-11-12

  

  Conclusions The present data suggest that homeostatic balance of the cortical/hippocampal adenosinergic tone is necessary for normal working memory function and any deviation appears to impair performance – either as a consequence of A2AR under-activation when adenosine levels are reduced or due

• br Conclusions Several lines of evidence have been establish

  2024-11-12

  

  Conclusions Several lines of evidence have been established, which support the adenosine kinase hypothesis of epileptogenesis, which is based on a sequence of events leading from acute neomycin sulfate injury to initial downregulation of ADK, rise in extracellular adenosine, changes in astrocyti

• br Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Ms Ashley

  2024-11-12

  

  Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Ms. Ashley Davis for her administrative assistance in preparing this article and Mr. Dan Beck for his artistic contributions to Fig. 1. Introduction Acetylcholine is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of insec

• Introduction Microdialysis is an in vivo

  2024-11-12

  

  Introduction Microdialysis is an in vivo-technique which allows continuous sampling of small molecular weight substances (such as neurotransmitters, metabolites and neuropeptides) from the extracellular space of different tissues or organs, e.g. brain, muscle or skin. While the implantation of the

• Our current knowledge on autophagy broadly

  2024-11-11

  

  Our current knowledge on autophagy broadly differentiates it into three types: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Macroautophagy mainly involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic contents in a double-walled membrane followed by the fusion with the lysosomes. The lysosom

• br ASK in Huntington s disease and other

  2024-11-11

  

  ASK1 in Huntington's disease and other polyglutamine diseases The polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by the expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeats in the coding regions of specific genes, leading to the production

• Based on the results of studies

  2024-11-11

  

  Based on the results of studies done to-date, there are three characteristics that make a letrozole-based protocol attractive for use in cattle: 1) it is steroid-free, 2) it is cost-effective and requires a shorter time and fewer animal handlings than conventional methods (Table 1), and 3) it may ha

• It is reported that calpain plays a critical

  2024-11-11

  

  It is reported that calpain-2 plays a critical role in BDNF-induced signaling and memory formation, and knockdown of calpain-2, but not calpain-1, completely suppresses BDNF-induced pathway activation and protein translation (Briz et al., 2013). BDNF prevents neuronal apoptosis or death (Ferrer et a

• The reduction of heterodimerization of

  2024-11-11

  

  The reduction of heterodimerization of KOR and APJ by both doses of apelin found in the present study may result in inducing protective effects of apelin on the myocardium imposed to high pressure in renovascular hypertension conditions. The finding that apelin in both doses reduced heterodimerizati

• The RAS may have different

  2024-11-11

  

  The RAS may have different functions depending on whether we consider the circulatory component or the different local tissue systems (including brain) well described previously [29]. The cardiovascular control and hydroelectrolytic balance (among other functions), are largely the result of the inf

• br Introduction Alcohol i e ethanol is absorbed into

  2024-11-11

  

  Introduction Alcohol, i.e., ethanol, is absorbed into the blood from the stomach to the small intestine, then distributed throughout the body. The metabolism of alcohol converting to acetic hoechst stain synthesis basically involves two enzymes; alcohol dehydrogenase converting ethanol to acetald

• br Experimental procedures Adk tg Adktm tg

  2024-11-09

  

  Experimental procedures Adk-tg (Adktm1−/−:tg(UbiAdk) mice were created by breeding a loxP-flanked Adk transgene under the control of a human ubiquitin promoter into ADK knockout mice (Fedele et al., 2005,). Fb-Adk-def (Adktm1−/−:tg(UbiAdk):Emx1-Cre-tg3) mice were generated by pairing Emx1-Cre-tg3

• Finally one can ask whether

  2024-11-09

  

  Finally, one can ask whether these results throw any light on the nature of the target in SNMG patients. Interestingly, the results of the in vitro incubations suggested that SNMG sera might increase AChR expression to a small extent, raising the possibility that SNMG patients, who have thymic chang

• HG-10-102-01 CYP A is one of the

  2024-11-09

  

  CYP3A4 is one of the key metabolizing HG-10-102-01 of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases. As the CYP family of enzymes plays important roles not only in the xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification of a large number of drugs, but also in the biosynthesis of endo

• The exact etiology of BPH is

  2024-11-09

  

  The exact etiology of BPH is not completely understood, however this pathology has been associated with elevated histamine receptors levels of the androgen DHT (10). Thus, a valuable strategy in BHP treatment is the reduction of DHT (10) levels, by inhibiting its biosynthetic production [6], [8]. A

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