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The intestinal epithelium is the first
2022-04-01
The intestinal epithelium is the first line of defense against pathogens and noxious agents and exerts a range of physiological activities, including digestion and pramipexole dihydrochloride of nutrients. The intestinal wall consists of a series of finger shaped protrusions called villi and invagi
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FFAs concentration response curves for increasing intracellu
2022-04-01
FFAs concentration–response curves for increasing intracellular calcium and receptor phosphorylation showed a difference of ≈1 order of magnitude indicating a relatively large receptor reserve, which is expected for a transfected model, and that high receptor occupancy is necessary to induce recepto
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Structurally the termini of FGF are critical for
2022-04-01
Structurally, the termini of FGF21 are critical for effective signaling. Progressive amino DNQX disodium salt truncation at either end of the protein sequentially impairs FGF21 bioactivity, but via different mechanisms. Shortening at the N-terminus weakens its ability to activate the FGFR/KLB-comple
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Although pharmacological studies from the end of the th cent
2022-04-01
Although pharmacological studies from the end of the 20th century suggested that β1-AR induces a cAMP-dependent apoptosis [30], more recently it has been demonstrated that cAMP, acting through PKA, may be a crucial anti-apoptotic factor in cardiac myocytes [31]. cAMP can also stimulate PI3K, and the
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Consistently with the above discoveries it has been also sho
2022-04-01
Consistently with the above discoveries, it has been also shown that in cardiomyocytes with shRNA-down-regulated FBP2, mitochondria are more susceptible to depolarisation (Gizak et al., 2012a) and H2O2-induced oxidative stress (Wiśniewski et al., 2017). In gw501516 overexpressing FBP2 (cardiomyocyt
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br Acknowledgements The authors have no ethical conflicts
2022-04-01
Acknowledgements The authors have no ethical conflicts to disclose. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. This work was funded by the Research Council of Lithuania. Introduction This paper studies whether there is a causal influence of the risk-taking incentives provided by op
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br Declarations of interest br Founding information This
2022-04-01
Declarations of interest Founding information This work was partially supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Japan [grant number P03043]; and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [grant number 16H00738 to H.M.] from the Japan Society for the Pro
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Chi square tests with significance set to
2022-04-01
Chi-square tests with significance set to p Results There were 4090 hip fracture patients included in the study. 2326 of these received enoxaparin, 929 received XaI, and 835 received warfarin. The mean CCI for each group was 3 (Table 2). There were some significant differences in demographics betw
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GDC-0941 sale In studies described earlier IRL
2022-04-01
In studies described earlier, IRL-1620 was administered intravenously; however, because of its short half-life (Rubin and Levin, 1994) (about 7–8min), the dosing had to be repeated three times. Also, a dose-dependent hypotension was observed with repeated doses of IRL-1620 in rats (Leonard and Gulat
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We notice that previous reports of arsenic exposure are not
2022-03-31
We notice that previous reports of arsenic exposure are not completely consistent with each other, in terms of exposure-changed histone acetylations. In an early investigation, As exposure (7.5 μM) of HepG2 STA-21 increased H3K9ac after 24 h, when analyzed by methods of immunofluorescence and Weste
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br Acknowledgments We thank Drs Yasuhiro Saito
2022-03-31
Acknowledgments We thank Drs. Yasuhiro Saito and Mitsuru Futakuchi for helpful discussion. We also thank Drs. Kohei Miyazono and Tadashi Matsuda for cells. This work was supported by Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research on Innovative Area (16H06373; 16K15273) from MEXT, Japan (to M.H.) and by Pr
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Whilst it has long been
2022-03-31
Whilst it has long been appreciated that Rho-family GTPases are able to signal directly to focal adhesions, it is also becoming increasingly clear that they can achieve this indirectly, through their influence on the extracellular matrix to which the integrins bind. Cdc42 and RhoA have long been kno
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion
2022-03-31
Materials and methods Results Discussion An HMC is a blinding type of cataract frequently observed in Asian countries due to the appallingly high incidence of high myopia in those areas [4], [5] and typically features earlier onset and more rapid progression of nuclear cataract [1], [2]. Th
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br Results and discussion br Conclusions
2022-03-31
Results and discussion Conclusions In summary, we generated analogues of the hit compounds 1–3, studied their structure–activity relationships, and created a series of highly potent GPR55 agonists. The most potent agonists among the series were 17a-b, 17e, 17g and 17l with EC50 values below 10
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There is sufficient evidence to indicate that kisspeptin pla
2022-03-31
There is sufficient evidence to indicate that kisspeptin plays a role in regulating sheep reproduction. However, the molecular mechanism by which kisspeptin regulates GnRH wdr5 and reproduction has remained unclear. Therefore, in this study on GnRH in sheep, the promoter region of GnRH was cloned,
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