• GT cells were treated in

  2022-06-14

  

  GT1-7 DHT were treated in two ways; specifically, they were either dosed or transfected with VP, reflecting the extracellular and intracellular actions of VP, respectively. A dose of 200 pg/ml VP in culture supernatants was effective in stimulating GnRH in the supernatant and cell extracts; this con

• It is well known that

  2022-06-14

  

  It is well known that GPCR responsiveness desensitizes after prolonged exposure to agonists through several mechanisms such as receptor phosphorylation, arrestin binding and internalization (Dhami and Ferguson, 2006). Therefore, in the present work we decided to study whether group I-mGluR signaling

• The typical pharmacophore for GPR agonists contains

  2022-06-14

  

  The typical pharmacophore for GPR40 agonists contains four parts: head (acid moiety), central (phenyl ring), linker and tail (aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring) [20]. On the other hand, the chemical features that are required for the PPARγ agonists include hydrogen bond donors and acceptors

• Long non coding RNAs lncRNAs are mRNA

  2022-06-14

  

  Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are mRNA-like transcripts of greater than 200 nucleotides (nt), with little or no protein-coding potential [13,14]. LncRNAs have been suggested to participate in transcription and post-transcription regulation as scaffolds, guides, decoys or repressors, activators, and

• br Acknowledgements The authors are grateful

  2022-06-14

  

  Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for funding provided by the Health Research Council of New Zealand. Introduction Glucose is the most important energy carrier of the brain. Glucose transporter type 1 (Glut1) is located at the blood–brain barrier and assures the energy-independent, fa

• Apoptosis a form of programmed

  2022-06-14

  

  Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is a critical component in maintaining homeostasis and growth in all tissues and plays a significant role in immunity and cytotoxicity [54,55]. Although GR are expressed in all immune cells, the physiological outcomes of GR activation are highly cell type-

• br Results br Discussion Using a novel

  2022-06-14

  

  Results Discussion Using a novel viral vector for norepinephrine-targeted gene deletion, we have shown that glucocorticoid receptor Epigallocatechin from locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons reduces social interaction specifically in female mice. This effect is not attributable to changes in

• br Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate

  2022-06-14

  

  Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate receptors for peptides similar to glucagon Genes for receptors for peptides similar to glucagon and other secretin-like hormones have been identified in a number of vertebrate species (Sivarajah et al., 2001, Chow et al., 2004, Irwin and Wong, 2005, Cardoso et

• Attempting to further elucidate the role of glucagon and act

  2022-06-14

  

  Attempting to further elucidate the role of Ro 61-8048 and activation of the Gcgr without the influence of GLP-1, we used DT-Gcg mice with acute knockdown of all proglucagon products. This mouse model has previously been shown previously to have a normal total islet area as well as β cell area compa

• It was recently reported that

  2022-06-14

  

  It was recently reported that aged GHSR−/− mice, in addition to showing alterations in meal pattern microstructure, exhibit NPY and AgRP mRNA upregulation in the ARC [56]. After an overnight fast, our animals exhibited a similar pattern of upregulated NPY and AgRP mRNA expression. Given that GHSR1a

• br Contributions br Acknowledgements This research was suppo

  2022-06-14

  

  Contributions Acknowledgements This research was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery grant No. 341538 and Ontario Graduate Scholarships to HM and VS. Introduction Sexual size dimorphism describes size difference between male and female individua

• br Results br Discussion Glucose

  2022-06-14

  

  Results Discussion Glucose homeostasis is regulated by a complex and intricate signaling network involving multiple organs. The BA nuclear receptor FXR is integrated into this regulatory network and participates in glucose handling and metabolism. Intestinal FXR favors glucose BMS 309403 synth

• Free fatty acids FFAs which are obtained

  2022-06-14

  

  Free fatty acids (FFAs), which are obtained from dietary fat or endogenous synthesis, function as nutrients and signaling molecules. Studies have shown that free fatty Calcium Gluceptate receptors 1–4 which are G-protein coupled receptors, bind free fatty acids and serve as receptors for these FFAs

• br Promotion of GLS expression

  2022-06-14

  

  Promotion of GLS2 expression Glutamine metabolism is another target for alteration in ferroptosis. Glutamine is required for the induction of ferroptosis during serum-induced injury after amino Fmoc-Cl starvation [72]. The first step of glutamine catabolism is its conversion to glutamate, which

• Following these discoveries the term ferroptosis was coined

  2022-06-14

  

  Following these discoveries, the term ferroptosis was coined in 2012 [25], to describe this iron-dependent, non-apoptotic form cell death induced by erastin and RSL3. This discovery was accompanied by the development of the first small molecule ferroptosis inhibitor, termed ferrostatin-1, and the de

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