• Nemonapride The total IgG concentration decreased from

  2022-12-02

  

  The total IgG concentration decreased from a mean of 997 mg/100 ml before treatment to a mean of 696 after treatment in the MuSK+MG patients, and from a mean of 1736 mg/100 ml to a mean of 802 mg/100 ml in the AChR+MG patients (normal values 723–1685 mg/100 ml). This decrement was also statistically

• Altogether the situations described above

  2022-12-02

  

  Altogether, the situations described above clearly impede the critical steps of drug discovery and development and the scientific process in general [14]. In conclusion, it is the opinion of these authors that many exciting lines of drug discovery (which includes those devoted to nAChR ligands) have

• It has been known that

  2022-12-02

  

  It has been known that 5-LOX is the rate-limiting enzyme for the products of LTs, and LTs actively participate in the activation of neutrophils [10]. In our study, we determined whether 5-LOX was upregulated in pancreatic tissues during ANP. Moreover, we investigated whether the inhibition of expres

• It is important to note that stable amnesia

  2022-12-02

  

  It is important to note that stable amnesia is, apparently, a general biological phenomenon and can be found in different animal species. In studies on rats, it was found that if reconsolidation of conditioned olfactory aversion memory was impaired by the antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors, amne

• The knowledge on the structure of CYP including

  2022-12-02

  

  The knowledge on the structure of CYP17, including its active site, provides a rationale for understanding many mutations that are found in enzyme dysfunction in clinical disease as well as the enzyme's dual hydroxylase and lyase catalytic capabilities. This knowledge will assist rational drug desig

• AGK 2 Autotaxin has been linked to chemoresistance through i

  2022-12-02

  

  Autotaxin has been linked to chemoresistance through its ability to inhibit apoptosis induced by paclitaxel in breast cancer AGK 2 [15] and LPA can inhibit cell death induced by cisplatin [40]. Autotaxin was included in the present study because it was identified as being over-expressed in patients

• br Acknowledgements We thank Dr Stefan Schulte Merker

  2022-12-02

  

  Acknowledgements We thank Dr. Stefan Schulte-Merker and his group members at the Hubrecht Institute (Utrecht, the Netherlands) for their invaluable support of the zebrafish studies. Our work is supported by grants from the Dutch Cancer Society (KWF) and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific

• Introduction Lysophosphatidic acid LPA is

  2022-12-02

  

  Introduction Lysophosphatidic A-443654 sale (LPA) is a key, serum-borne phospholipid, regulating a number of cellular processes such as proliferation, migration and differentiation through its interaction with G-protein coupled receptors. LPA receptor signaling has been implicated in several disea

• Inactivation of the proton pump

  2022-12-02

  

  Inactivation of the proton pump comes with luminal alkalinization of the targeted vesicles such as lysosomes (Fig. 2b). Lysosome pH can also be raised stoichiometrically by addition of a membrane-permeable weak latrunculin a such as methylamine or chloroquine which accumulates in its protonated, no

• mst1 kinase br Results br Discussion br Conclusion The

  2022-12-02

  

  Results Discussion Conclusion The flux of glucose into cytosolic short chain acyl-CoAs was maintained in pure beta mst1 kinase in the presence of inhibition of ATP citrate lyase with hydroxycitrate and also in a cell line with >90% ATP citrate lyase knockdown suggesting that a pathway othe

• The apoptosis promoting Bcl family includes

  2022-12-02

  

  The apoptosis-promoting Bcl-2 family includes BH3-only proteins (e.g., Bim, Bid and Bad) and multiple-domain proteins (e.g., Bax and Bak). At the time of apoptosis stimulation (e.g., DNA damage), only the BH3-only protein is activated, directly or indirectly promoting Bax/Bak oligomerization, changi

• AKT activity is also self

  2022-12-01

  

  AKT activity is also self-limiting through its substrate GSK3β; the kinase activity of which is negatively regulated by AKT phosphorylation (Fig. 3; Li, Liu, & Gao, 2009). GSK3β activation results in phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitin mediated degradation of PHLPP (Li et al., 2009). AKT activa

• br Concluding remarks Following the disappointing

  2022-12-01

  

  Concluding remarks Following the disappointing outcomes of Aβ immunotherapy trials for AD [62], the current prevailing concept is that disease-modifying therapy must be initiated from the presymptomatic stage of the disease because of the presumed incurability of chronic diseases once they become

• br Introduction In myasthenia gravis MG autoantibodies again

  2022-12-01

  

  Introduction In myasthenia gravis (MG), autoantibodies against the native AChR conformation cause loss of AChR at the neuromuscular junction and fatigable muscle weakness (Newsom-Davis et al., 1993). The AChR is a pentameric transmembrane protein, with two splice forms of the α-subunit, P3A− and

• In summary the role of HT and differe

  2022-12-01

  

  In summary, the role of 5-HT and different types of 5-HTRs in gating plasticity induction in neocortical circuits remains unclear, with variable and seemingly contradictory effects reported for LTP induction in cortical sensory fields (e.g., V1, enhanced LTP: Inaba et al., 2009, Kojic et al., 1997,

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